Table 1 Associations between oxidative stress biomarkers and cardiovascular diseases in human studies
From: Oxidative Stress and Its Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases
Biomarker | Method | Change | Results | Pathology |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reaction of the carbonyl group with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone | ↑ | Cut-off for ACS 2.21 mmoL/mg, AUC 0.84 (specificity 80%, sensitivity 83%) | Unstable angina, non-ST and ST elevation myocardial infarction | |
Advanced oxidation protein products [75] | Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay | ↑ | Abdominal aortic aneurysms (r = 0.4180, p ≤ 0.05), aortoiliac occlusive disease (r = 0.616, p ≤ 0.05) | Abdominal aortic aneurysms, aortoiliac occlusive disease |
Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxidized phospholipids) [90, 91] | Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay | ↑ | Cardiovascular diseases (Effect Size total 0.75 (95% CI: 0.46,1.03) | Cardiovascular diseases |
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblot/Western blot | ↑ | Acute cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke), heart failure (HR: 2.23 (95% CI 1.44, 3.44); p = 0.0003) | Acute cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke), heart failure | |
F2–isoprostanes [113] | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | ↑ | Coronary heart disease (OR: (95% CI 2.47 (1.44, 4.26), p = 0.001), ischemic stroke (medians 0.041 vs. 0.0295, p = 0.012; AUC = 0.68 (0.55–0.8) | Coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke |
Malondialdehyde (114) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | ↑ | Chronic heart failure (HR: 1.90 (95% CI 0.99, 3.65), p = 0.05), history of myocardial infarction (HR: 1.64 (95% CI 1.00, 2.68), p = 0.05), multivessel disease (HR: 1.78 (95% CI 1.09, 2.91), p = 0.02) | Chronic heart failure history of myocardial infarction multivessel disease |